Monday, March 26, 2018

The Indian Removal Act 1830 and its Impact on Native American Culture


    Native-American culture is something that I will always be fascinated by. For history’s sake, I wanted to address American legislation, regarding the removal of Native-Americans, under President Andrew Jackson between the years of 1820-1840. The major conflicts that would arise result in the occupation of land and who was to reside in it. It is within this conflict between American settlers, looking in the interest of expansion, and Indians, already occupying the rich lands, that a brutal demolition of Native cultures would occur. Through the analysis of Native-American cultures, including basket-weaving, story-telling and other modes of the arts, ideas of American settlers and their expansion take on a whole new meaning; one that includes empathy and a whole new perception of what our nation’s history. As I approach this topic through the lens of cultural history, I look to find a clearer understanding of the Native-American cultures that once overwhelmed our nation. I want to find how colonial powers have impacted these cultures to the point of near extinction. The rest of this post focuses on the era of the Trail of Tears, and analyzes the destruction of Native cultures. The Indian Removal Act, in the interest of replacing Indian lands for American settlements and with a total disregard for Native Indian people, resulted in the destruction of the Native society. I argue, then, that Native-American societies, today, are impacted by the cultures and traditions that result from this devastating time period of American exclusion.  It may be in the reader’s interest to know that the bulk of the research done is based on the Native-Americans of the Cherokee nation, but certain references do include the other Native-American tribes forced out of region, like those of the Seminoles, Creek and Choctaw nations. 
   The Indian Removal Act of 1830, under the presidency of Andrew Jackson reveals more than just colonial relations with native peoples. According to historian Michael Morris, a contributor to the Georgia Historical Quarterly, “the event reveals much about period politics and society's views regarding a minority culture.” Jackson’s background and ideology of the “common American man” was the basis of his anti-Indian policies in politics. Jackson would argue that relocating the Native-Americans would be humane and that “the Southeastern Indians were not civilized enough to stay. Morris claims, "the key concept was to relocate them out west without any white settlements nearby.” The importance of these events is the neglect to view a single point-of-view from the Native-American people. “It cannot be expected, that the condition of a few tribes of secluded Indians should at once claim and secure the sympathies of millions.” As the Indian societies begin to be forced out or “relocated” they are to build their own self-sustainable political communities that President Jackson notes “it would be necessary for the United States to regulate these communities.”As the Treaty of New Echota was agreed upon, Cherokees of the region were to leave for the west and it is these years of forced migration that would become known as the Trail of Tears; a journey that many Indians were not fully prepared for resulting in deaths, diseases, malnutrition, dehydration, starvation, and exhaustion. It is in this context and with this understanding of the legislation at the time, that we can further understand the effects of this division and delve in deeper into the cultures that would be impacted by these events.

Sources

Michael Morris, “Georgia and the Conversation over Indian Removal,” Georgia Historical Quarterly 91/4 (2007): 403-422.

“Removal of the Indians,” The North American Review 31/69 (October 1830): 396.  

No comments: